Alloying Elements. What’re the Effects on Stainless Steels?
In this post we will discuss the effect of alloying elements on stainless steels .
We make an introductory statement.
Here the chemical elements that containing carbon %, nickel % and chromium %.
- Austenitics: 0,015 – 0,15 16,0 – 28,0 6,0 – 32,0
- Ferritics: 0,01 – 0,12 10,5 – 30,0 …..
- Martensitics: 0,08 – 1,20 11,0 – 19,0 …..
The alloying elements and their effect on stainless steel.
ALUMINIUM:
- Increases the resistance to oxidation by limiting the formation of oxide (flake)
- Combined with nickel it create an intermetallic compounds useful for curing for participation
NITROGEN:
- In the austenitic steels, it prevents the formation of delta ferrite and it is able to stabilize the austenite
- Raises the tensile strength R and yield strength Rp:
– Low carbon steels: it maximize yield
– Ferritic steels: it is unwanted when it exceeds the 10 ppm
- Increases the resistance to pitting corrosion.
CALCIUM:
- Improves the machinability (e.g. in AISI 316 L stainless steel)
CARBON:
- If the Cr is a percentage greater than 10, it create various types of useful carbides to:
– hot mechanical resistance
– corrosion resistance
– inter granular corrosion resistance
- It decreases the resistance to pitting corrosion. Especially in terms of sensibilization.
Other alloying elements.
CHROMIUM:
- When in the matrix there is a solid solution of chrome exceeds to 10.5%, steel becomes stainless steel. Chromium absorbs oxygen and generates a very thin surface layer able to passivate the base metal and arrest the corrosion.
- Increases the resistance to pitting corrosion.
MANGANESE:
- Stainless steels shall not exceed to 2%. (in fact, it isn’t considered as an alloying element)
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