After our previous blog post about plastic cold deformation, today we would like to talk about turning. Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool, typically a non-rotating tool bit, follows a helical tool path while the workpiece rotates.
The turning process: how and when is it used?
The tool’s axes of movement may follow a straight line or a series of curves or angles, but the movement is essentially linear. Usually, the term turning refers to the machining of external surfaces, while the same cutting action applied to internal surfaces (holes of various types) is called boring.
During turning, a relatively rigid material (such as wood, metal, plastic, or stone) is rotated while a cutting tool moves along one, two, or three axes to produce precise diameters and depths. Turning can be performed on the outside of the workpiece or on the inside (boring) to produce tubular components with different geometries.
What are the types of turning?
Depending on the surface to be produced:
- Flat turning (to produce a flat surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece)
- Taper turning (to produce conical surfaces)
- Cylindrical turning (to produce coaxial cylindrical surfaces with the same axis of rotation as the workpiece)
- Helical turning (to produce helical surfaces, for example when cutting threads on a lathe)
- Profile turning (to produce surfaces with complex contours)
Depending on the position of the tool:
- External turning (machining the outside of the workpiece)
- Internal turning (machining the inside of the workpiece)
According to the required level of machining, turning operations are classified as:
- Roughing (the initial stage of machining)
- Finishing (the final stage of machining)
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